For decades, scientists have sought to understand why some humans live well beyond the typical lifespan. While genetics, lifestyle, and environment all play a role, research has often overlooked a crucial factor: genetic diversity. A growing body of work, especially from Brazil, suggests that studying populations with mixed ancestry could unlock previously hidden clues to extreme longevity.
The Longevity Puzzle
The average human lifespan is roughly 70 years. Yet, a small fraction of people reach 100 (centenarians), and an even rarer group surpasses 110 (supercentenarians). These individuals aren’t just surviving longer—some remain remarkably healthy well into their later years. Existing research has identified some genetic links to longevity, but progress is hampered by a lack of data from diverse populations.
Why Brazil?
Brazil stands out because of its exceptionally high genetic diversity. Centuries of colonization, slavery, and immigration have created a population with a unique blend of Indigenous, European, African, and Asian ancestry. This “genetic admixture” means that Brazil’s centenarians may carry rare protective genetic variants absent in more homogeneous populations.
Researchers at the Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center in São Paulo are studying a cohort of over 160 centenarians, including 20 supercentenarians. Their findings suggest that these individuals often exhibit surprisingly strong immune systems and resilience to disease, even in regions with limited access to healthcare. One notable case involved three Brazilian supercentenarians surviving COVID-19 before vaccines were available, hinting at robust natural defenses.
Family Clusters and Genetic Inheritance
The study also highlights the importance of familial longevity. One family featured a 110-year-old woman alongside her nieces aged 106, 104, and 100—a clear indication that longevity runs in certain bloodlines. Such cases allow scientists to isolate genetic and epigenetic factors contributing to extreme lifespan.
The Need for Global Collaboration
To truly unravel the mysteries of longevity, researchers argue that international consortia must prioritize inclusion of diverse populations like Brazil’s. Funding for genomic, immunological, and longitudinal studies in underrepresented regions is critical. Without this broadened approach, progress will remain limited.
To unlock the full potential of longevity research, global studies must expand beyond traditional demographics and embrace the genetic richness of diverse populations.
Ultimately, the Brazilian cohort offers a unique window into the mechanisms that allow humans to live exceptionally long lives. By focusing on these understudied populations, we may finally gain the insights needed to improve human health and resilience worldwide.
